2 Samuel 10

David sends envoys to comfort the Ammonite king Hanun upon his father's death, but Hanun shaves and humiliates them; Ammonites hire Syrian mercenaries, whom David defeats decisively in battle, expanding Israel's dominance.[2]

Interlinear Text

Verse 2
וַ/יֹּ֨אמֶר 𐤅/𐤉𐤀𐤌𐤓 vayomer And said and he said and he said HC/Vqw3ms דָּוִ֜ד 𐤃𐤅𐤃 david David David David HNp אֶעֱשֶׂה 𐤀𐤏𐤔𐤄 eeseh I will do I will do I will do HVqi1cs חֶ֣סֶד 𐤇𐤎𐤃 chesed kindness covenant-loyal love steadfast love HNcmsa עִם 𐤏𐤌 im to if / whether with HR חָנ֣וּן 𐤇𐤍𐤅𐤍 chanun Hanun favored one Chanun HNp בֶּן 𐤁𐤍 ben Bene (Bemba) son of son son HNcmsc נָחָ֗שׁ 𐤍𐤇𐤔 nachash Nahash serpent Nachash HNp כַּ/אֲשֶׁר֩ 𐤊/𐤀𐤔𐤓 kaasher as as that which as that which HR/Tr עָשָׂ֨ה 𐤏𐤔𐤄 asah did he did he did HVqp3ms אָבִ֤י/ו 𐤀𐤁𐤉/𐤅 aviv his father his father his father HNcmsc/Sp3ms עִמָּדִ/י֙ 𐤏𐤌𐤃/𐤉 imadi to me with me with me HR/Sp1cs חֶ֔סֶד 𐤇𐤎𐤃 chesed-2 kindness covenant-loyal love steadfast love HNcmsa וַ/יִּשְׁלַ֨ח 𐤅/𐤉𐤔𐤋𐤇 vayishelach And sent and he dispatched and he sent HC/Vqw3ms דָּוִ֧ד 𐤃𐤅𐤃 david-2 David David David HNp לְ/נַחֲמ֛/וֹ 𐤋/𐤍𐤇𐤌/𐤅 lenachamo to comfort him to comfort him to comfort him HR/Vpc/Sp3ms בְּ/יַד 𐤁/𐤉𐤃 beyad by the hand of by the hand of in the hand of HR/Ncbsc עֲבָדָ֖י/ו 𐤏𐤁𐤃𐤉/𐤅 avadayv his servants his servants his servants HNcmpc/Sp3ms אֶל 𐤀𐤋 el concerning toward to HR אָבִ֑י/ו 𐤀𐤁𐤉/𐤅 aviv-2 his father his father his father HNcmsc/Sp3ms וַ/יָּבֹ֨אוּ֙ 𐤅/𐤉𐤁𐤀𐤅 vayavou And came they came they came HC/Vqw3mp עַבְדֵ֣י 𐤏𐤁𐤃𐤉 avedey servants of servants of servants of HNcmpc דָוִ֔ד 𐤃𐤅𐤃 david-3 David David David HNp אֶ֖רֶץ 𐤀𐤓𐤑 erets Ayé (Yoruba) to the land of land land HNcbsc בְּנֵ֥י 𐤁𐤍𐤉 beney Bene (Bemba) children of sons of sons of HNcmpc עַמּֽוֹן 𐤏𐤌𐤅𐤍 amon Ammon Kin-clan Ammon Amon HNp
Verse 3
וַ/יֹּאמְרוּ֩ 𐤅/𐤉𐤀𐤌𐤓𐤅 vayomeru and they said and they said and they said HC/Vqw3mp שָׂרֵ֨י 𐤔𐤓𐤉 sarey princes chiefs of chiefs of HNcmpc בְנֵֽי 𐤁𐤍𐤉 veney Bene (Bemba) of the sons sons of sons of HNcmpc עַמּ֜וֹן 𐤏𐤌𐤅𐤍 amon of Ammon Kin-clan Ammon Amon HNp אֶל 𐤀𐤋 el to toward toward HR חָנ֣וּן 𐤇𐤍𐤅𐤍 chanun Hanun favored one Chanun HNp אֲדֹֽנֵי/הֶ֗ם 𐤀𐤃𐤍𐤉/𐤄𐤌 adoneyhem their lord their masters their lords HNcmpc/Sp3mp הַֽ/מְכַבֵּ֨ד 𐤄/𐤌𐤊𐤁𐤃 hamekhabed kubwa (Swahili) honoring the one who honors the one who honors HTi/Vprmsa דָּוִ֤ד 𐤃𐤅𐤃 david David David David HNp אֶת 𐤀𐤕 et (direct object marker) object-marker [·] HTo אָבִ֨י/ךָ֙ 𐤀𐤁𐤉/𐤊 avikha your father your father your father HNcmsc/Sp2ms בְּ/עֵינֶ֔י/ךָ 𐤁/𐤏𐤉𐤍𐤉/𐤊 beeyneykha Enyi (Fante) in your eyes in your two eyes in your two eyes HR/Ncbdc/Sp2ms כִּֽי 𐤊𐤉 ki that for/because for/because HC שָׁלַ֥ח 𐤔𐤋𐤇 shalach he has sent to send off to send off HVqp3ms לְ/ךָ֖ 𐤋/𐤊 lekha to you to you HR/Sp2ms מְנַֽחֲמִ֑ים 𐤌𐤍𐤇𐤌𐤉𐤌 menachamim comforters comforting ones comforting ones HVprmpa הֲ֠/לוֹא 𐤄/𐤋𐤅𐤀 halo not is it not? is it not? HTi/Tn בַּ/עֲב֞וּר 𐤁/𐤏𐤁𐤅𐤓 baavur to for the sake of for the sake HR/Ncmsc חֲק֤וֹר 𐤇𐤒𐤅𐤓 chaqor search to search out to search out HVqc אֶת 𐤀𐤕 et-2 (direct object marker) object-marker [·] HTo הָ/עִיר֙ 𐤄/𐤏𐤉𐤓 hair the city the watchful settlement the watchful settlement HTd/Ncfsa וּ/לְ/רַגְּלָ֣/הּ 𐤅/𐤋/𐤓𐤂𐤋/𐤄 uleragelah and to spy on it and to scout her out and to scout her out HC/R/Vpc/Sp3fs וּ/לְ/הָפְכָ֔/הּ 𐤅/𐤋/𐤄𐤐𐤊/𐤄 ulehafekhah and to overthrow it and to overturn her and to overturn her HC/R/Vqc/Sp3fs שָׁלַ֥ח 𐤔𐤋𐤇 shalach-2 sent to send off to send off HVqp3ms דָּוִ֛ד 𐤃𐤅𐤃 david-2 David David David HNp אֶת 𐤀𐤕 et-3 (direct object marker) object-marker [·] HTo עֲבָדָ֖י/ו 𐤏𐤁𐤃𐤉/𐤅 avadayv his servants his servants his servants HNcmpc/Sp3ms אֵלֶֽי/ךָ 𐤀𐤋𐤉/𐤊 eleykha to you toward you toward you HR/Sp2ms
Verse 4
Verse 5
וַ/יַּגִּ֤דוּ 𐤅/𐤉𐤂𐤃𐤅 vayagidu and they told and they made known and they declared HC/Vhw3mp לְ/דָוִד֙ 𐤋/𐤃𐤅𐤃 ledavid to David to David to David HR/Np וַ/יִּשְׁלַ֣ח 𐤅/𐤉𐤔𐤋𐤇 vayishelach and he sent and he dispatched and he sent HC/Vqw3ms לִ/קְרָאתָ֔/ם 𐤋/𐤒𐤓𐤀𐤕/𐤌 liqeratam to meet them to encounter them to meet them HR/Vqc/Sp3mp כִּֽי 𐤊𐤉 ki for for/because because HC הָי֥וּ 𐤄𐤉𐤅 hayu they were they were they were HVqp3cp הָ/אֲנָשִׁ֖ים 𐤄/𐤀𐤍𐤔𐤉𐤌 haanashim the men the men the men HTd/Ncmpa נִכְלָמִ֣ים 𐤍𐤊𐤋𐤌𐤉𐤌 nikhelamim humiliated being shamed ones being shamed ones HVNrmpa מְאֹ֑ד 𐤌𐤀𐤃 meod greatly with great force very HD וַ/יֹּ֤אמֶר 𐤅/𐤉𐤀𐤌𐤓 vayomer and said and he said and he said HC/Vqw3ms הַ/מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ 𐤄/𐤌𐤋𐤊 hamelekhe the king the king the king HTd/Ncmsa שְׁב֣וּ 𐤔𐤁𐤅 shevu stay Sit down! Sit down HVqv2mp בִֽ/ירֵח֔וֹ 𐤁/𐤉𐤓𐤇𐤅 virecho at Jericho in Jericho in Yericho HR/Np עַד 𐤏𐤃 ad until up to until HR יְצַמַּ֥ח 𐤉𐤑𐤌𐤇 yetsamach grow he causes to sprout it grows HVpi3ms זְקַנְ/כֶ֖ם 𐤆𐤒𐤍/𐤊𐤌 zeqanekhem your beards your beards your beards HNcbsc/Sp2mp וְ/שַׁבְתֶּֽם 𐤅/𐤔𐤁𐤕𐤌 veshavetem and return and you turned back and you return HC/Vqq2mp
Verse 6
וַ/יִּרְאוּ֙ 𐤅/𐤉𐤓𐤀𐤅 vayireu and they saw and they saw and they saw HC/Vqw3mp בְּנֵ֣י 𐤁𐤍𐤉 beney Bene (Bemba) sons of sons of sons of HNcmpc עַמּ֔וֹן 𐤏𐤌𐤅𐤍 amon Ammon Kin-clan Ammon Amon HNp כִּ֥י 𐤊𐤉 ki that for/because because HC נִבְאֲשׁ֖וּ 𐤍𐤁𐤀𐤔𐤅 niveashu they had become a stench they became foul-smelling they had become a stench HVNp3cp בְּ/דָוִ֑ד 𐤁/𐤃𐤅𐤃 bedavid to David in David in David HR/Np וַ/יִּשְׁלְח֣וּ 𐤅/𐤉𐤔𐤋𐤇𐤅 vayishelechu and they sent and they dispatched and they sent HC/Vqw3mp בְנֵֽי 𐤁𐤍𐤉 veney Bene (Bemba) sons of sons of sons of HNcmpc עַמּ֡וֹן 𐤏𐤌𐤅𐤍 amon-2 Ammon Kin-clan Ammon Amon HNp וַ/יִּשְׂכְּרוּ֩ 𐤅/𐤉𐤔𐤊𐤓𐤅 vayisekeru and they hired and they hired and they hired HC/Vqw3mp אֶת 𐤀𐤕 et [direct object marker] object-marker [·] HTo אֲרַ֨ם 𐤀𐤓𐤌 aram Aram Aram Highland Aram HNp בֵּית 𐤁𐤉𐤕 beyt house of house-of Beyt Rechov HNp רְח֜וֹב 𐤓𐤇𐤅𐤁 rechov Rehob Beth‑Rechob Beyt Rechov HNp וְ/אֶת 𐤅/𐤀𐤕 veet and [direct object marker] and object-marker [·] HC/To אֲרַ֣ם 𐤀𐤓𐤌 aram-2 Aram Aram Highland Aram HNp צוֹבָ֗א 𐤑𐤅𐤁𐤀 tsova Zobah Zobah Tsova HNp עֶשְׂרִ֥ים 𐤏𐤔𐤓𐤉𐤌 eserim twenty twenty twenty HAcbpa אֶ֨לֶף֙ 𐤀𐤋𐤐 elef thousand thousand-unit thousand-unit HAcbsa רַגְלִ֔י 𐤓𐤂𐤋𐤉 rageli foot soldiers foot-soldier foot-soldier HAamsa וְ/אֶת 𐤅/𐤀𐤕 veet-2 and [direct object marker] and object-marker [·] HC/To מֶ֤לֶךְ 𐤌𐤋𐤊 melekhe king of king of king of HNcmsc מַֽעֲכָה֙ 𐤌𐤏𐤊𐤄 maakhah Maacah Maakah (Pressed-Place) Maakhah HNp אֶ֣לֶף 𐤀𐤋𐤐 elef-2 thousand thousand-unit thousand-unit HAcbsa אִ֔ישׁ 𐤀𐤉𐤔 ish men man man HNcmsa וְ/אִ֣ישׁ 𐤅/𐤀𐤉𐤔 veish and men of and a man and a man HC/Ncmsc ט֔וֹב 𐤈𐤅𐤁 tov Tob good Tov HNp שְׁנֵים 𐤔𐤍𐤉𐤌 sheneym two two two HAcmda עָשָׂ֥ר 𐤏𐤔𐤓 asar ten -teen or -teenth -teen HAcmsa אֶ֖לֶף 𐤀𐤋𐤐 elef-3 thousand thousand-unit thousand-unit HAcbsa אִֽישׁ 𐤀𐤉𐤔 ish-2 men man man HNcmsa
Verse 8
Verse 9
וַ/יַּ֣רְא 𐤅/𐤉𐤓𐤀 vayare and saw and he saw and he saw HC/Vqw3ms יוֹאָ֗ב 𐤉𐤅𐤀𐤁 yoav Joab YHWH is Father Yoav HNp כִּֽי 𐤊𐤉 ki that for/because that HC הָיְתָ֤ה 𐤄𐤉𐤕𐤄 hayetah was she became it was HVqp3fs אֵלָי/ו֙ 𐤀𐤋𐤉/𐤅 elayv against him toward him toward him HR/Sp3ms פְּנֵ֣י 𐤐𐤍𐤉 peney front face of before the face of HNcbpc הַ/מִּלְחָמָ֔ה 𐤄/𐤌𐤋𐤇𐤌𐤄 hamilechamah the battle the battle the battle HTd/Ncfsa מִ/פָּנִ֖ים 𐤌/𐤐𐤍𐤉𐤌 mipanim in front from the presence of from the presence of HR/Ncbpa וּ/מֵֽ/אָח֑וֹר 𐤅/𐤌/𐤀𐤇𐤅𐤓 umeachor and from behind and from behind and from behind HC/R/Ncmsa וַ/יִּבְחַ֗ר 𐤅/𐤉𐤁𐤇𐤓 vayivechar he selected and he chose and he chose HC/Vqw3ms מִ/כֹּל֙ 𐤌/𐤊𐤋 mikol kila (Swahili) from all from the whole of from all HR/Ncmsc בְּחוּרֵ֣י 𐤁𐤇𐤅𐤓𐤉 bechurey choice chosen ones of chosen ones of HVqsmpc ב/ישראל 𐤁/𐤉𐤔𐤓𐤀𐤋 vyshrl of Israel in El-Contends in Yiserael HR/Np יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 𐤉𐤔𐤓𐤀𐤋 yiserael Israel El-Contends Yiserael HNp וַֽ/יַּעֲרֹ֖ךְ 𐤅/𐤉𐤏𐤓𐤊 vayaarokhe and arrayed and he arranged and he arranged HC/Vqw3ms לִ/קְרַ֥את 𐤋/𐤒𐤓𐤀𐤕 liqerat against to encounter to meet HR/Vqc אֲרָֽם 𐤀𐤓𐤌 aram Aram Aram Highland Aram HNp
Verse 11
Verse 12
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Verse 17
וַ/יֻּגַּ֣ד 𐤅/𐤉𐤂𐤃 vayugad and it was told and it was made known and it was declared HC/VHw3ms לְ/דָוִ֗ד 𐤋/𐤃𐤅𐤃 ledavid to David to David to David HR/Np וַ/יֶּאֱסֹ֤ף 𐤅/𐤉𐤀𐤎𐤐 vayeesof and he gathered and he gathered and he gathered HC/Vqw3ms אֶת 𐤀𐤕 et [direct object marker] object-marker [·] HTo כָּל 𐤊𐤋 kal kila (Swahili) all entirety of all of HNcmsc יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ 𐤉𐤔𐤓𐤀𐤋 yiserael Israel El-Contends Yiserael HNp וַ/יַּעֲבֹ֣ר 𐤅/𐤉𐤏𐤁𐤓 vayaavor and crossed and he crossed over and he crossed over HC/Vqw3ms אֶת 𐤀𐤕 et-2 [direct object marker] object-marker [·] HTo הַ/יַּרְדֵּ֔ן 𐤄/𐤉𐤓𐤃𐤍 hayareden the Jordan the Descender the Yareden HTd/Np וַ/יָּבֹ֖א 𐤅/𐤉𐤁𐤀 vayavo and came and he came and he came HC/Vqw3ms חֵלָ֑אמָ/ה 𐤇𐤋𐤀𐤌/𐤄 chelamah to Helam toward Strength-Place Cheylam HNp/Sd וַ/יַּעַרְכ֤וּ 𐤅/𐤉𐤏𐤓𐤊𐤅 vayaarekhu and they arrayed and they arranged and they arranged HC/Vqw3mp אֲרָם֙ 𐤀𐤓𐤌 aram Aram Aram Highland Aram HNp לִ/קְרַ֣את 𐤋/𐤒𐤓𐤀𐤕 liqerat to meet to encounter to meet HR/Vqc דָּוִ֔ד 𐤃𐤅𐤃 david David David David HNp וַ/יִּלָּחֲמ֖וּ 𐤅/𐤉𐤋𐤇𐤌𐤅 vayilachamu and fought and they engaged in battle and they fought HC/VNw3mp עִמּֽ/וֹ 𐤏𐤌/𐤅 imo with him with him with him HR/Sp3ms
Verse 18
וַ/יָּ֣נָס 𐤅/𐤉𐤍𐤎 vayanas and fled and he fled and he fled HC/Vqw3ms אֲרָם֮ 𐤀𐤓𐤌 aram Aram Aram Highland Aram HNp מִ/פְּנֵ֣י 𐤌/𐤐𐤍𐤉 mipeney from before from the presence of from before the presence of HR/Ncbpc יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ 𐤉𐤔𐤓𐤀𐤋 yiserael Israel El-Contends Yiserael HNp וַ/יַּהֲרֹ֨ג 𐤅/𐤉𐤄𐤓𐤂 vayaharog vanga (Kikongo) and killed and he killed and he killed HC/Vqw3ms דָּוִ֜ד 𐤃𐤅𐤃 david David David David HNp מֵ/אֲרָ֗ם 𐤌/𐤀𐤓𐤌 mearam of Aram from Aram from Aram HR/Np שְׁבַ֤ע 𐤔𐤁𐤏 sheva seven seven seven HAcfsa מֵאוֹת֙ 𐤌𐤀𐤅𐤕 meot hundred hundreds hundreds HAcbpa רֶ֔כֶב 𐤓𐤊𐤁 rekhev chariots chariot chariot HNcmsa וְ/אַרְבָּעִ֥ים 𐤅/𐤀𐤓𐤁𐤏𐤉𐤌 vearebaim and forty and forty and forty HC/Acbpa אֶ֖לֶף 𐤀𐤋𐤐 elef thousand thousand-unit thousand-unit HAcbsa פָּרָשִׁ֑ים 𐤐𐤓𐤔𐤉𐤌 parashim horsemen cavalrymen horsemen HNcmpa וְ/אֵ֨ת 𐤅/𐤀𐤕 veet and and object-marker [·] HC/To שׁוֹבַ֧ךְ 𐤔𐤅𐤁𐤊 shovakhe Shobach Shovakh Shovakhe HNp שַׂר 𐤔𐤓 sar commander ruling-chief of chief of HNcmsc צְבָא֛/וֹ 𐤑𐤁𐤀/𐤅 tsevao of his army his organized host his organized host HNcbsc/Sp3ms הִכָּ֖ה 𐤄𐤊𐤄 hikah struck he struck he struck HVhp3ms וַ/יָּ֥מָת 𐤅/𐤉𐤌𐤕 vayamat and died and he died and he died HC/Vqw3ms שָֽׁם 𐤔𐤌 sham there in that place there HD
Verse 19
וַ/יִּרְא֨וּ 𐤅/𐤉𐤓𐤀𐤅 vayireu and they saw and they saw and they saw HC/Vqw3mp כָֽל 𐤊𐤋 khal kila (Swahili) all all of all of HNcmsc הַ/מְּלָכִ֜ים 𐤄/𐤌𐤋𐤊𐤉𐤌 hamelakhim the kings the kings the kings HTd/Ncmpa עַבְדֵ֣י 𐤏𐤁𐤃𐤉 avedey servants of servants of servants of HNcmpc הֲדַדְעֶ֗זֶר 𐤄𐤃𐤃𐤏𐤆𐤓 hadadeezer Hadadezer Hadad-is-help Hadadeezer HNp כִּ֤י 𐤊𐤉 ki that for/because because HC נִגְּפוּ֙ 𐤍𐤂𐤐𐤅 nigefu they were defeated they were struck down they were struck down HVNp3cp לִ/פְנֵ֣י 𐤋/𐤐𐤍𐤉 lifeney before to the face of to before the face of HR/Ncbpc יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 𐤉𐤔𐤓𐤀𐤋 yiserael Israel El-Contends Yiserael HNp וַ/יַּשְׁלִ֥מוּ 𐤅/𐤉𐤔𐤋𐤌𐤅 vayashelimu and they made peace and they made whole and they made peace HC/Vhw3mp אֶת 𐤀𐤕 et with object-marker with HR יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 𐤉𐤔𐤓𐤀𐤋 yiserael-2 Israel El-Contends Yiserael HNp וַ/יַּֽעַבְד֑וּ/ם 𐤅/𐤉𐤏𐤁𐤃𐤅/𐤌 vayaavedum and served them and they served them and they served them HC/Vqw3mp/Sp3mp וַ/יִּֽרְא֣וּ 𐤅/𐤉𐤓𐤀𐤅 vayireu-2 and they feared and they feared and they feared HC/Vqw3mp אֲרָ֔ם 𐤀𐤓𐤌 aram Aram Aram Highland Aram HNp לְ/הוֹשִׁ֥יעַ 𐤋/𐤄𐤅𐤔𐤉𐤏 lehoshia to help to bring to safety to save HR/Vhc ע֖וֹד 𐤏𐤅𐤃 od anymore still, again, further anymore HD אֶת 𐤀𐤕 et-2 [direct-object-marker] object-marker [·] HTo בְּנֵ֥י 𐤁𐤍𐤉 beney Bene (Bemba) sons of sons of sons of HNcmpc עַמּֽוֹן 𐤏𐤌𐤅𐤍 amon Ammon Kin-clan Ammon Amon HNp