Isaiah 28

Isaiah pronounces woe on the proud, drunken leaders of Ephraim (the northern kingdom), foretelling YHWH's judgment that will trample their crown like a fading fig, while a remnant will be preserved as YHWH's glory[1][2][3]. He rebukes Jerusalem's scoffers for their false covenant with death and Sheol, promising instead a precious cornerstone in Zion for believers, an overwhelming scourge, and YHWH's strange work of destruction measured by justice and righteousness, likened to a farmer's discerning labor[1][2][3].

Interlinear Text

Verse 4 וְֽ/הָ֨יְתָ֜ה 𐤅/𐤄𐤉𐤕𐤄 vehayetah and it will be and she will become HC/Vqq3fs צִיצַ֤ת 𐤑𐤉𐤑𐤕 tsitsat fading flower a blossoming flower HNcfsa נֹבֵל֙ 𐤍𐤁𐤋 novel of his a withering one HVqrmsa צְבִ֣י 𐤑𐤁𐤉 tsevi beauty splendor HNcmsc תִפְאַרְתּ֔/וֹ 𐤕𐤐𐤀𐤓𐤕/𐤅 tifeareto glorious beauty his adornment-glory HNcfsc/Sp3ms אֲשֶׁ֥ר 𐤀𐤔𐤓 asher which that-which HTr עַל 𐤏𐤋 al on upon (up-over) HR רֹ֖אשׁ 𐤓𐤀𐤔 rosh head head HNcmsc גֵּ֣יא 𐤂𐤉𐤀 gey of valley gorge-of HNcbsc שְׁמָנִ֑ים 𐤔𐤌𐤍𐤉𐤌 shemanim fat rich oils HNcmpa כְּ/בִכּוּרָהּ֙ 𐤊/𐤁𐤊𐤅𐤓𐤄 kevikurah like the first-ripe fig like a first-fruit (feminine singular) HR/Ncbsa בְּ/טֶ֣רֶם 𐤁/𐤈𐤓𐤌 beterem before in not-yet (time) HR/D קַ֔יִץ 𐤒𐤉𐤑 qayits summer dry-season harvest HNcmsa אֲשֶׁ֨ר 𐤀𐤔𐤓 asher-2 which that-which HTr יִרְאֶ֤ה 𐤉𐤓𐤀𐤄 yireeh one sees he sees HVqi3ms הָֽ/רֹאֶה֙ 𐤄/𐤓𐤀𐤄 haroeh the seer the seeing-one HTd/Vqrmsa אוֹתָ֔/הּ 𐤀𐤅𐤕/𐤄 otah it her/it HTo/Sp3fs בְּ/עוֹדָ֥/הּ 𐤁/𐤏𐤅𐤃/𐤄 beodah while still while she is yet in continuance HR/D/Sp3fs בְּ/כַפּ֖/וֹ 𐤁/𐤊𐤐/𐤅 bekhapo in his hand in his hollow palm HR/Ncfsc/Sp3ms יִבְלָעֶֽ/נָּה 𐤉𐤁𐤋𐤏/𐤍𐤄 yivelaenah he swallows it he will swallow her HVqi3ms/Sp3fs
Verse 7 וְ/גַם 𐤅/𐤂𐤌 vegam and also and also HC/Ta אֵ֨לֶּה֙ 𐤀𐤋𐤄 eleh these these (ones) HPdxcp בַּ/יַּ֣יִן 𐤁/𐤉𐤉𐤍 bayayin in wine in the fermented wine HRd/Ncmsa שָׁג֔וּ 𐤔𐤂𐤅 shagu have erred they have strayed HVqp3cp וּ/בַ/שֵּׁכָ֖ר 𐤅/𐤁/𐤔𐤊𐤓 uvashekhar and in strong drink and in the intoxicating-drink HC/Rd/Ncmsa תָּע֑וּ 𐤕𐤏𐤅 tau stagger they have wandered astray HVqp3cp כֹּהֵ֣ן 𐤊𐤄𐤍 kohen priest officiating priest HNcmsa וְ/נָבִיא֩ 𐤅/𐤍𐤁𐤉𐤀 venavi and prophet and a prophet HC/Ncmsa שָׁג֨וּ 𐤔𐤂𐤅 shagu-2 stagger they have strayed HVqp3cp בַ/שֵּׁכָ֜ר 𐤁/𐤔𐤊𐤓 vashekhar in strong drink in the intoxicating drink HRd/Ncmsa נִבְלְע֣וּ 𐤍𐤁𐤋𐤏𐤅 niveleu they are confused they have been swallowed up HVNp3cp מִן 𐤌𐤍 min from from (out of, away from) HR הַ/יַּ֗יִן 𐤄/𐤉𐤉𐤍 hayayin the wine the fermented wine HTd/Ncmsa תָּעוּ֙ 𐤕𐤏𐤅 tau-2 stagger they have wandered astray HVqp3cp מִן 𐤌𐤍 min-2 from from (out of, away from) HR הַ/שֵּׁכָ֔ר 𐤄/𐤔𐤊𐤓 hashekhar the strong drink the intoxicating drink HTd/Ncmsa שָׁגוּ֙ 𐤔𐤂𐤅 shagu-3 err they have strayed HVqp3cp בָּֽ/רֹאֶ֔ה 𐤁/𐤓𐤀𐤄 baroeh in vision in the seeing-one HRd/Ncmsa פָּק֖וּ 𐤐𐤒𐤅 paqu stumble they tottered HVqp3cp פְּלִילִיָּֽה 𐤐𐤋𐤉𐤋𐤉𐤄 peliliyah judgment a judicial-verdict HNcfsa
Verse 13 וְ/הָיָ֨ה 𐤅/𐤄𐤉𐤄 vehayah and it will be and he will be HC/Vqq3ms לָ/הֶ֜ם 𐤋/𐤄𐤌 lahem to them HR/Sp3mp דְּבַר 𐤃𐤁𐤓 devar word word-of HNcmsc יְהוָ֗ה 𐤉𐤄𐤅𐤄 yehvah Nyambe (Lozi) YHWH the Being One HNp צַ֣ו 𐤑𐤅 tsav precept Lay a charge! HNcmsa לָ/צָ֞ו 𐤋/𐤑𐤅 latsav upon precept to a command HR/Ncmsa צַ֤ו 𐤑𐤅 tsav-2 precept Lay a charge! HNcmsa לָ/צָו֙ 𐤋/𐤑𐤅 latsav-2 upon precept to a command HR/Ncmsa קַ֤ו 𐤒𐤅 qav line measuring-cord HNcmsa לָ/קָו֙ 𐤋/𐤒𐤅 laqav upon line to a measuring-line HR/Ncmsa קַ֣ו 𐤒𐤅 qav-2 line measuring-cord HNcmsa לָ/קָ֔ו 𐤋/𐤒𐤅 laqav-2 upon line to a measuring-line HR/Ncmsa זְעֵ֥יר 𐤆𐤏𐤉𐤓 zeeyr little a small one HNcmsa שָׁ֖ם 𐤔𐤌 sham there there (in that place) HD זְעֵ֣יר 𐤆𐤏𐤉𐤓 zeeyr-2 little a small one HNcmsa שָׁ֑ם 𐤔𐤌 sham-2 there there (in that place) HD לְמַ֨עַן 𐤋𐤌𐤏𐤍 lemaan so that for the sake of (in heed to) HR יֵלְכ֜וּ 𐤉𐤋𐤊𐤅 yelekhu they go they will walk HVqi3mp וְ/כָשְׁל֤וּ 𐤅/𐤊𐤔𐤋𐤅 vekhashelu and they stumble and they stumbled HC/Vqq3cp אָחוֹר֙ 𐤀𐤇𐤅𐤓 achor backward hind-part HNcmsa וְ/נִשְׁבָּ֔רוּ 𐤅/𐤍𐤔𐤁𐤓𐤅 venishebaru and be broken and they were shattered HC/VNq3cp וְ/נוֹקְשׁ֖וּ 𐤅/𐤍𐤅𐤒𐤔𐤅 venoqeshu and snared and they were ensnared HC/VNq3cp וְ/נִלְכָּֽדוּ 𐤅/𐤍𐤋𐤊𐤃𐤅 venilekadu and captured and they were captured HC/VNq3cp
Verse 15 כִּ֣י 𐤊𐤉 ki Because for (as reason or ground) HC אֲמַרְתֶּ֗ם 𐤀𐤌𐤓𐤕𐤌 amaretem you have said you have caused-to-say HVqp2mp כָּרַ֤תְנֽוּ 𐤊𐤓𐤕𐤍𐤅 karatenu we have made we have cut HVqp1cp בְרִית֙ 𐤁𐤓𐤉𐤕 verit a covenant a cut‑bond covenant HNcfsa אֶת 𐤀𐤕 et with self-same (definite object marker) HR מָ֔וֶת 𐤌𐤅𐤕 mavet death death HNcmsa וְ/עִם 𐤅/𐤏𐤌 veim and with and if HC/R שְׁא֖וֹל 𐤔𐤀𐤅𐤋 sheol Sheol the Asking-Place HNp עָשִׂ֣ינוּ 𐤏𐤔𐤉𐤍𐤅 asinu we have made we have caused-to-be HVqp1cp חֹזֶ֑ה 𐤇𐤆𐤄 chozeh agreement vision-beholder HNcmsa שיט 𐤔𐤉𐤈 shyt scourge a lashing scourge HNcmsa שׁ֣וֹט 𐤔𐤅𐤈 shot overflowing a scourging lash HNcmsa שׁוֹטֵ֤ף 𐤔𐤅𐤈𐤐 shotef overwhelming one flooding over HVqrmsa כִּֽי 𐤊𐤉 ki-2 when for (as reason or ground) HC עבר 𐤏𐤁𐤓 vr it passes he crossed over HVqp3ms יַֽעֲבֹר֙ 𐤉𐤏𐤁𐤓 yaavor it passes through he will cross over HVqi3ms לֹ֣א 𐤋𐤀 lo not not HTn יְבוֹאֵ֔/נוּ 𐤉𐤁𐤅𐤀/𐤍𐤅 yevoenu it will come to us will come upon us HVqi3ms/Sp1cp כִּ֣י 𐤊𐤉 ki-3 for for (as reason or ground) HC שַׂ֧מְנוּ 𐤔𐤌𐤍𐤅 samenu we have made we have set HVqp1cp כָזָ֛ב 𐤊𐤆𐤁 khazav lies a falsehood HNcmsa מַחְסֵ֖/נוּ 𐤌𐤇𐤎/𐤍𐤅 machesenu our refuge our sheltering-place HNcmsc/Sp1cp וּ/בַ/שֶּׁ֥קֶר 𐤅/𐤁/𐤔𐤒𐤓 uvasheqer and under falsehood and in the falsehood HC/Rd/Ncmsa נִסְתָּֽרְנוּ 𐤍𐤎𐤕𐤓𐤍𐤅 nisetarenu we have hidden ourselves we have concealed ourselves HVNp1cp