מָה

𐤌𐤄

mâh

H4100 particle

SILEX Entry

Definition

An interrogative particle used principally to ask about the nature, identity, quantity, or quality of entities or actions, often translated as 'what?' or 'how?'. Also functions in exclamations and indefinite or relative senses (e.g., 'whatever', 'that which'). The precise meaning is heavily context-dependent, ranging from direct questions ('what is this?'), to expressions of astonishment ('how mighty!'), to indirect questions or statements ('whatever you do').

Semantic Range

what?, how?, why?, what!, how!, whatever, that which, something, nothing, in indirect or relative clauses, with prefixed prepositions (e.g., whereby, wherefore, wherewith), as part of adverbial or conjunctive constructions

Root / Etymology

The form מָה (or מַה, מֶה, מָ) is considered a primitive interrogative particle with no clear, reconstructible root; it is an ancient Semitic pronoun preserved in cognate languages (e.g., Ugaritic mh, Aramaic מָא, Arabic mā).

Historical & Contextual Notes

מָה functions as the standard interrogative particle in Biblical Hebrew, frequently introducing direct and indirect questions, and found with both animate and inanimate referents. Its various forms are partially determined by subsequent letters (for euphony), and it regularly appears with prefixes (e.g., לָמָּה 'why', מַדּוּעַ 'why', מֶה־זֶּה 'what is this', כַּמָּה 'how much'). In exclamatory constructions it communicates wonder, surprise, or emphasis. It occasionally assumes an indefinite or relative function ('whatever', 'that which'). In post-exilic and later Hebrew, מָה continues as the basic term for 'what', while usage in Aramaic and other dialects further highlights its broad Semitic pedigree. Translation traditions often conflate what, how, and why, but in Hebrew, context determines nuance and grammatical role. It is distinct from מִי ('who?'), which refers specifically to personal identity.

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

or מַה; or מָ; or מַ; also מֶה; a primitive particle; properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and even relatively, that which); often used with prefixes in various adverbial or conjunctive senses; how (long, oft, (-soever)), (no-) thing, what (end, good, purpose, thing), whereby(-fore, -in, -to, -with), (for) why.

Bantu Hebrew

No Bantu Hebrew comparisons have been recorded for this word yet.

Root Family

uncertain (Baleadan) — uncertain

Root uncertain to question, to seek specification, to inquire
Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
H1002 בִּירָה the citadel
H105 אֲגַרְטָל bowls of
H1081 בַּלְאֲדָן Baladan
H1085 בִּלְדַּד Bildad
H1095 בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר Belteshatsar

Word Forms

20 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2 Occurrences
H4100-09 מַה mah HTi what what? what 389
H4100-06 לָ֛/מָּה lamah HR/Ti why for what? why 142
H4100-13 וּ/מַה umah HC/Ti and what and what? and what 68
H4100-10 מֶ֣ה meh HTi what what? what 59
H4100-19 וְ/לָ/מָה֩ velamah HC/R/Ti and why and for what? and why 32
H4100-02 בַּ/מֶּ֖ה bameh HR/Ti in what in what? in what 14
H4100-14 וּ/מֶ֖ה umeh HC/Ti and what and what? and what 12
H4100-04 כַּ/מָּ֗ה kamah HR/Ti how long what? how many 9
H4100-01 בַּ/מָּ֗ה bamah HR/Ti In what with what? with what 7
H4100-16 וּ/בַ/מֶּ֗ה uvameh HC/R/Ti and with what and with what? and with what 4

Occurrences in Scripture

750 occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2
H4100-09 Genesis 42:28 מַה mah HTi What what? what
H4100-06 Genesis 43:6 לָ/מָ֥ה lamah HR/Ti Why for what? why
H4100-06 Genesis 44:4 לָ֛/מָּה lamah HR/Ti why for what? why
H4100-06 Genesis 44:7 לָ֚/מָּה lamah HR/Ti why for what? why
H4100-09 Genesis 44:15 מָֽה mah HTi what what? what
H4100-09 Genesis 44:16 מַה mah HTi What what? what
H4100-09 Genesis 44:16 מַה mah-2 HTi what what? what
H4100-13 Genesis 44:16 וּ/מַה umah HC/Ti or what and what? and what
H4100-09 Genesis 46:33 מַה mah HTi What what? what
H4100-09 Genesis 47:3 מַה mah HTi What what? what?
H4100-04 Genesis 47:8 כַּ/מָּ֕ה kamah HR/Ti how many what? how many
H4100-19 Genesis 47:15 וְ/לָ֥/מָּה velamah HC/R/Ti and why and for what? and why
H4100-06 Genesis 47:19 לָ֧/מָּה lamah HR/Ti why for what? why
H4100-09 Exodus 2:4 מַה mah HTi what what? what
H4100-06 Exodus 2:13 לָ֥/מָּה lamah HR/Ti Why for what? why
H4100-06 Exodus 2:20 לָ֤/מָּה lamah HR/Ti Why for what? why
H4100-09 Exodus 3:13 מַה mah HTi What is what? what
H4100-09 Exodus 3:13 מָ֥ה mah-2 HTi what what? what
H4100-09 Exodus 4:2 מַה mah HTi what what? what
H4100-06 Exodus 5:4 לָ֚/מָּה lamah HR/Ti Why do for what? why
H4100-06 Exodus 5:15 לָ֧/מָּה lamah HR/Ti Why for what? why
H4100-06 Exodus 5:22 לָ/מָ֤ה lamah HR/Ti why for what? why
H4100-06 Exodus 5:22 לָ֥/מָּה lamah-2 HR/Ti why for what? why
H4100-09 Exodus 10:26 מַֽה mah HTi with what what? what
H4100-09 Exodus 12:26 מָ֛ה mah HTi What what? what
H4100-09 Exodus 13:14 מַה mah HTi What what? what
H4100-09 Exodus 14:5 מַה mah HTi What what? what
H4100-09 Exodus 14:11 מַה mah HTi What what? what?
H4100-09 Exodus 14:15 מַה mah HTi why what? Why
H4100-09 Exodus 15:24 מַה mah HTi what what? what
H4100-09 Exodus 16:7 מָ֔ה mah HTi what what? what
H4100-09 Exodus 16:8 מָ֔ה mah HTi what what? what?
H4100-09 Exodus 16:15 מַה mah HTi what what? what
H4100-09 Exodus 17:2 מַה mah HTi why what? why
H4100-09 Exodus 17:2 מַה mah-2 HTi why what? why
H4100-06 Exodus 17:3 לָ֤/מָּה lamah HR/Ti why for what? why
H4100-09 Exodus 17:4 מָ֥ה mah HTi What what? what
H4100-09 Exodus 18:14 מָֽה mah HTi what what? what?
H4100-02 Exodus 22:26 בַּ/מֶּ֣ה bameh HR/Ti in what in what? in what?
H4100-10 Exodus 32:1 מֶה meh HTi what what? what
H4100-06 Exodus 32:11 לָ/מָ֤ה lamah HR/Ti Why for what? for what?
H4100-06 Exodus 32:12 לָ/מָּה֩ lamah HR/Ti why for what? why
H4100-10 Exodus 32:21 מֶֽה meh HTi what what? what
H4100-10 Exodus 32:23 מֶה meh HTi what what? what?
H4100-09 Exodus 33:5 מָ֥ה mah HTi what what? what
H4100-16 Exodus 33:16 וּ/בַ/מֶּ֣ה uvameh HC/R/Ti For in what and with what? and with what
H4100-09 Leviticus 25:20 מַה mah HTi What what? what
H4100-06 Numbers 9:7 לָ֣/מָּה lamah HR/Ti why for what? for what?
H4100-09 Numbers 9:8 מַה mah HTi what what? what
H4100-06 Numbers 11:11 לָ/מָ֤ה lamah HR/Ti why for what? why