מָה
𐤌𐤄
mâh
H4100 particle
SILEX Entry
Definition
An interrogative particle used principally to ask about the nature, identity, quantity, or quality of entities or actions, often translated as 'what?' or 'how?'. Also functions in exclamations and indefinite or relative senses (e.g., 'whatever', 'that which'). The precise meaning is heavily context-dependent, ranging from direct questions ('what is this?'), to expressions of astonishment ('how mighty!'), to indirect questions or statements ('whatever you do').
Semantic Range
what?, how?, why?, what!, how!, whatever, that which, something, nothing, in indirect or relative clauses, with prefixed prepositions (e.g., whereby, wherefore, wherewith), as part of adverbial or conjunctive constructions
Root / Etymology
The form מָה (or מַה, מֶה, מָ) is considered a primitive interrogative particle with no clear, reconstructible root; it is an ancient Semitic pronoun preserved in cognate languages (e.g., Ugaritic mh, Aramaic מָא, Arabic mā).
Historical & Contextual Notes
מָה functions as the standard interrogative particle in Biblical Hebrew, frequently introducing direct and indirect questions, and found with both animate and inanimate referents. Its various forms are partially determined by subsequent letters (for euphony), and it regularly appears with prefixes (e.g., לָמָּה 'why', מַדּוּעַ 'why', מֶה־זֶּה 'what is this', כַּמָּה 'how much'). In exclamatory constructions it communicates wonder, surprise, or emphasis. It occasionally assumes an indefinite or relative function ('whatever', 'that which'). In post-exilic and later Hebrew, מָה continues as the basic term for 'what', while usage in Aramaic and other dialects further highlights its broad Semitic pedigree. Translation traditions often conflate what, how, and why, but in Hebrew, context determines nuance and grammatical role. It is distinct from מִי ('who?'), which refers specifically to personal identity.
Original Strong's Gloss (1890)
or מַה; or מָ; or מַ; also מֶה; a primitive particle; properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and even relatively, that which); often used with prefixes in various adverbial or conjunctive senses; how (long, oft, (-soever)), (no-) thing, what (end, good, purpose, thing), whereby(-fore, -in, -to, -with), (for) why.
Bantu Hebrew
No Bantu Hebrew comparisons have been recorded for this word yet.
Root Family
uncertain (Baleadan) — uncertain
| Strong's | Lemma | SIBI-P1 |
|---|---|---|
| H1002 | בִּירָה | the citadel |
| H105 | אֲגַרְטָל | bowls of |
| H1081 | בַּלְאֲדָן | Baladan |
| H1085 | בִּלְדַּד | Bildad |
| H1095 | בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר | Belteshatsar |
Word Forms
20 distinct forms
| SIDANCE | Surface | Transliteration | Morphology | Common | SIBI-P1 | SIBI-P2 | Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H4100-09 |
מַה | mah | HTi |
what | what? | what | 389 |
H4100-06 |
לָ֛/מָּה | lamah | HR/Ti |
why | for what? | why | 142 |
H4100-13 |
וּ/מַה | umah | HC/Ti |
and what | and what? | and what | 68 |
H4100-10 |
מֶ֣ה | meh | HTi |
what | what? | what | 59 |
H4100-19 |
וְ/לָ/מָה֩ | velamah | HC/R/Ti |
and why | and for what? | and why | 32 |
H4100-02 |
בַּ/מֶּ֖ה | bameh | HR/Ti |
in what | in what? | in what | 14 |
H4100-14 |
וּ/מֶ֖ה | umeh | HC/Ti |
and what | and what? | and what | 12 |
H4100-04 |
כַּ/מָּ֗ה | kamah | HR/Ti |
how long | what? | how many | 9 |
H4100-01 |
בַּ/מָּ֗ה | bamah | HR/Ti |
In what | with what? | with what | 7 |
H4100-16 |
וּ/בַ/מֶּ֗ה | uvameh | HC/R/Ti |
and with what | and with what? | and with what | 4 |
Occurrences in Scripture
750 occurrences
| SIDANCE | Reference | Word | Transliteration | Morphology | Common | SIBI-P1 | SIBI-P2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H4100-09 |
Genesis 42:28 | מַה | mah | HTi |
What | what? | what |
H4100-06 |
Genesis 43:6 | לָ/מָ֥ה | lamah | HR/Ti |
Why | for what? | why |
H4100-06 |
Genesis 44:4 | לָ֛/מָּה | lamah | HR/Ti |
why | for what? | why |
H4100-06 |
Genesis 44:7 | לָ֚/מָּה | lamah | HR/Ti |
why | for what? | why |
H4100-09 |
Genesis 44:15 | מָֽה | mah | HTi |
what | what? | what |
H4100-09 |
Genesis 44:16 | מַה | mah | HTi |
What | what? | what |
H4100-09 |
Genesis 44:16 | מַה | mah-2 | HTi |
what | what? | what |
H4100-13 |
Genesis 44:16 | וּ/מַה | umah | HC/Ti |
or what | and what? | and what |
H4100-09 |
Genesis 46:33 | מַה | mah | HTi |
What | what? | what |
H4100-09 |
Genesis 47:3 | מַה | mah | HTi |
What | what? | what? |
H4100-04 |
Genesis 47:8 | כַּ/מָּ֕ה | kamah | HR/Ti |
how many | what? | how many |
H4100-19 |
Genesis 47:15 | וְ/לָ֥/מָּה | velamah | HC/R/Ti |
and why | and for what? | and why |
H4100-06 |
Genesis 47:19 | לָ֧/מָּה | lamah | HR/Ti |
why | for what? | why |
H4100-09 |
Exodus 2:4 | מַה | mah | HTi |
what | what? | what |
H4100-06 |
Exodus 2:13 | לָ֥/מָּה | lamah | HR/Ti |
Why | for what? | why |
H4100-06 |
Exodus 2:20 | לָ֤/מָּה | lamah | HR/Ti |
Why | for what? | why |
H4100-09 |
Exodus 3:13 | מַה | mah | HTi |
What is | what? | what |
H4100-09 |
Exodus 3:13 | מָ֥ה | mah-2 | HTi |
what | what? | what |
H4100-09 |
Exodus 4:2 | מַה | mah | HTi |
what | what? | what |
H4100-06 |
Exodus 5:4 | לָ֚/מָּה | lamah | HR/Ti |
Why do | for what? | why |
H4100-06 |
Exodus 5:15 | לָ֧/מָּה | lamah | HR/Ti |
Why | for what? | why |
H4100-06 |
Exodus 5:22 | לָ/מָ֤ה | lamah | HR/Ti |
why | for what? | why |
H4100-06 |
Exodus 5:22 | לָ֥/מָּה | lamah-2 | HR/Ti |
why | for what? | why |
H4100-09 |
Exodus 10:26 | מַֽה | mah | HTi |
with what | what? | what |
H4100-09 |
Exodus 12:26 | מָ֛ה | mah | HTi |
What | what? | what |
H4100-09 |
Exodus 13:14 | מַה | mah | HTi |
What | what? | what |
H4100-09 |
Exodus 14:5 | מַה | mah | HTi |
What | what? | what |
H4100-09 |
Exodus 14:11 | מַה | mah | HTi |
What | what? | what? |
H4100-09 |
Exodus 14:15 | מַה | mah | HTi |
why | what? | Why |
H4100-09 |
Exodus 15:24 | מַה | mah | HTi |
what | what? | what |
H4100-09 |
Exodus 16:7 | מָ֔ה | mah | HTi |
what | what? | what |
H4100-09 |
Exodus 16:8 | מָ֔ה | mah | HTi |
what | what? | what? |
H4100-09 |
Exodus 16:15 | מַה | mah | HTi |
what | what? | what |
H4100-09 |
Exodus 17:2 | מַה | mah | HTi |
why | what? | why |
H4100-09 |
Exodus 17:2 | מַה | mah-2 | HTi |
why | what? | why |
H4100-06 |
Exodus 17:3 | לָ֤/מָּה | lamah | HR/Ti |
why | for what? | why |
H4100-09 |
Exodus 17:4 | מָ֥ה | mah | HTi |
What | what? | what |
H4100-09 |
Exodus 18:14 | מָֽה | mah | HTi |
what | what? | what? |
H4100-02 |
Exodus 22:26 | בַּ/מֶּ֣ה | bameh | HR/Ti |
in what | in what? | in what? |
H4100-10 |
Exodus 32:1 | מֶה | meh | HTi |
what | what? | what |
H4100-06 |
Exodus 32:11 | לָ/מָ֤ה | lamah | HR/Ti |
Why | for what? | for what? |
H4100-06 |
Exodus 32:12 | לָ/מָּה֩ | lamah | HR/Ti |
why | for what? | why |
H4100-10 |
Exodus 32:21 | מֶֽה | meh | HTi |
what | what? | what |
H4100-10 |
Exodus 32:23 | מֶה | meh | HTi |
what | what? | what? |
H4100-09 |
Exodus 33:5 | מָ֥ה | mah | HTi |
what | what? | what |
H4100-16 |
Exodus 33:16 | וּ/בַ/מֶּ֣ה | uvameh | HC/R/Ti |
For in what | and with what? | and with what |
H4100-09 |
Leviticus 25:20 | מַה | mah | HTi |
What | what? | what |
H4100-06 |
Numbers 9:7 | לָ֣/מָּה | lamah | HR/Ti |
why | for what? | for what? |
H4100-09 |
Numbers 9:8 | מַה | mah | HTi |
what | what? | what |
H4100-06 |
Numbers 11:11 | לָ/מָ֤ה | lamah | HR/Ti |
why | for what? | why |