H430 אֱלֹהִים ʼĕlôhîym → ← H422 אָלָה ʼâlâh
29 languagesA term referring to deity or divine beings; most frequently used as a designation for Israel's god, but also applied more broadly to other gods, supernatural beings, or exalted persons (such as judges or rulers) depending on context. In most instances with the article or in reference to the Israelite god, the term denotes the singular divine figure worshiped by the Israelites. Occasionally, especially in poetic or archaic contexts, it refers to multiple gods. The form is morphologically plural but can function grammatically as singular or plural, depending on context.
Etymology
From the root אלה (ʼlh), meaning 'to be mighty, strong, to be in awe of.' The word is a plural form of אֱלוֹהַּ (ʼeloah), itself developed from the root. Morphologically, אֱלֹהִים is a masculine plural form but often takes singular verbs and adjectives when referring to Israel’s god, reflecting a plural of majesty or a superlative usage.
Reflexes · not yet grouped by proto-form
| Language | Word | Meaning | Segmentation | Root |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bemba | Lesa | God | -lesa | |
| Chichewa | Mulungu | God | -lungu | |
| Herero | Kalunga | God | -lunga | |
| Ila | Leza | God | -leza | |
| Kaonde | Kalunga | God | -lunga | |
| Karanga | mudzimu | spirit | -dzim- | |
| Kimbundu | Kalunga | God | -lunga | |
| Lozi | Mulimu | God, Supreme being | -limu | |
| Luba-Katanga | Mulungu | God | -lungu | |
| Lunda | Kalunga | God | -lunga | |
| Luvale | Kalunga | God | -lunga | |
| Manyika | mudzimu | spirit | -dzim- | |
| Mbunda | Kalunga | God | -lunga | |
| Ndonga | Kalunga | God | -lunga | |
| Nyakyusa | Mulungu | God | -lungu | |
| Ovambo | Kalunga | God | -lunga | |
| Sepedi | badimo | ancestors | -dim- | |
| Sepedi | Modimo | God | -dim- | |
| Shona | midzimu | ancestral spirits | -dzim- | |
| Sotho | badimo | ancestral spirits | -dim- | |
| Sotho | Modimo | God | -dim- | |
| Tonga (Zambia) | Leza | God | -leza | |
| Tswana | badimo | ancestors | -dim- | |
| Tswana | Modimo | God, supreme being | -dim- | |
| Tumbuka | Mulungu | God | -lungu | |
| Umbundu | Kalunga | God | -lunga | |
| Venda | Mudzimu | spirit | -dzim- | |
| Yao | Mulungu | God | -lungu | |
| Zezuru | midzimu | ancestors | -dzim- |