A term referring to deity or divine beings; most frequently used as a designation for Israel's god, but also applied more broadly to other gods, supernatural beings, or exalted persons (such as judges or rulers) depending on context. In most instances with the article or in reference to the Israelite god, the term denotes the singular divine figure worshiped by the Israelites. Occasionally, especially in poetic or archaic contexts, it refers to multiple gods. The form is morphologically plural but can function grammatically as singular or plural, depending on context.

Etymology From the root אלה (ʼlh), meaning 'to be mighty, strong, to be in awe of.' The word is a plural form of אֱלוֹהַּ (ʼeloah), itself developed from the root. Morphologically, אֱלֹהִים is a masculine plural form but often takes singular verbs and adjectives when referring to Israel’s god, reflecting a plural of majesty or a superlative usage.

Reflexes  · not yet grouped by proto-form

LanguageWordMeaningSegmentationRoot
Bemba Lesa God -lesa
Chichewa Mulungu God -lungu
Herero Kalunga God -lunga
Ila Leza God -leza
Kaonde Kalunga God -lunga
Karanga mudzimu spirit -dzim-
Kimbundu Kalunga God -lunga
Lozi Mulimu God, Supreme being -limu
Luba-Katanga Mulungu God -lungu
Lunda Kalunga God -lunga
Luvale Kalunga God -lunga
Manyika mudzimu spirit -dzim-
Mbunda Kalunga God -lunga
Ndonga Kalunga God -lunga
Nyakyusa Mulungu God -lungu
Ovambo Kalunga God -lunga
Sepedi badimo ancestors -dim-
Sepedi Modimo God -dim-
Shona midzimu ancestral spirits -dzim-
Sotho badimo ancestral spirits -dim-
Sotho Modimo God -dim-
Tonga (Zambia) Leza God -leza
Tswana badimo ancestors -dim-
Tswana Modimo God, supreme being -dim-
Tumbuka Mulungu God -lungu
Umbundu Kalunga God -lunga
Venda Mudzimu spirit -dzim-
Yao Mulungu God -lungu
Zezuru midzimu ancestors -dzim-