A unit of linear measure corresponding roughly to the breadth or width of a hand (approximately 7–10 cm), used in various descriptions of objects—such as sacred vessels, architectural elements, or ritual objects—within Israelite texts. The term frequently expresses a short, set span of distance for practical or symbolic measurement purposes.

Etymology Derived from the root טפח, 'to spread, extend, reach'; the noun form טֹפַח denotes the width of an outstretched hand ('a palm's breadth') and by extension, a small unit of length. Only secondarily, in architectural context, can refer to a small bracket or corbel, metaphorically likened to an outstretched palm supporting something.

Reflexes  · not yet grouped by proto-form

LanguageWordMeaningSegmentationRoot
Bemba ubupana width, breadth -pan-
Chichewa upana width, breadth -pan-
Kikongo mpanu breadth, width -pan-
Kimbundu upãnu width, breadth -pan-
Lingala mpano breadth, width -pan-
Lozi upano width -pan-
Lugisu (Lumasaba) ubw'epana width -pan-
Lunda pánu breadth -pan-
Ndebele ububanzi width, breadth -banzi
Sesotho bophara breadth, width -phar-
Shona upamhi width, breadth -pan- (variant: -pam-)
Tswana bophara width, breadth -phar-
Umbundu upanu width, breadth -pan-
Venda upfara width, breadth -pfar-
Xhosa ububanzi width, breadth -banzi
Zulu ububanzi width, breadth