James 3
James warns that teachers will face stricter judgment and emphasizes that controlling one's speech demonstrates maturity and self-control over the entire body, using metaphors of a horse's bit and a ship's rudder.[1][2] The chapter contrasts the destructive power of an uncontrolled tongue—compared to a small fire that can consume a forest—with true wisdom from above, which is characterized by purity, peace, gentleness, and mercy rather than jealousy and selfish ambition.[1][2]
Interlinear Text
not many teachers become brothers my knowing that greater judgment we shall receive
1
μὴ
me
not
ADV
πολλοὶ
polloi
many
QUAN NOM M PL
διδάσκαλοι
didaskaloi
teachers
N NOM M PL
γίνεσθε
ginesthe
become
V PRS MID IMP 2P PL
ἀδελφοί
adelphoi
brothers
N VOC M PL
μου
mou
my
PRO.P 1P GEN SG
εἰδότες
eidotes
knowing
V PRF ACT PTCP NOM M PL
ὅτι
oti
that
CONJ.S
μεῖζον
meizon
greater
ADJ.A ACC N SG COMP
κρίμα
krima
judgment
N ACC N SG
λημψόμεθα
lempsometha
we shall receive
V FUT MID IND 1P PL
many things for we stumble all if anyone in word not stumbles he perfect man able to bridle also whole the body
2
πολλὰ
polla
many things
PRO.I ACC N PL
γὰρ
gar
for
CONJ
πταίομεν
ptaiomen
we stumble
V PRS ACT IND 1P PL
ἅπαντες
apantes
all
PRO.I NOM M PL
εἴ
ei
if
CONJ.S
τις
tis
anyone
PRO.I NOM M SG
ἐν
en
in
PREP DAT
λόγῳ
logo
word
N DAT M SG
οὐ
ou
not
ADV
πταίει
ptaiei
stumbles
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
οὗτος
outos
he
PRO.D NOM M SG
τέλειος
teleios
perfect
ADJ.A NOM M SG
ἀνήρ
aner
man
N NOM M SG
δυνατὸς
dunatos
able
ADJ.S NOM M SG
χαλιναγωγῆσαι
chalinagogesai
to bridle
V AOR ACT INF
καὶ
kai
also
ADV
ὅλον
olon
whole
QUAN ACC N SG
τὸ
to
the
DET.P ACC N SG
σῶμα
soma
body
N ACC N SG
if now the horses' the bits into the mouths we put so that the they may obey them us and whole the body their we direct
3
εἰ
ei
if
CONJ.S
δὲ
de
now
CONJ
τῶν
ton
the
ART GEN M PL
ἵππων
ippon
horses'
N GEN M PL
τοὺς
tous
the
ART ACC M PL
χαλινοὺς
chalinous
bits
N ACC M PL
εἰς
eis
into
PREP ACC
τὰ
ta
the
ART ACC N PL
στόματα
stomata
mouths
N ACC N PL
βάλλομεν
ballomen
we put
V PRS ACT IND 1P PL
εἰς
eis-2
so that
PREP ACC
τὸ
to
the
PRO.D ACC N SG
πείθεσθαι
peithesthai
they may obey
V PRS PASS INF
αὐτοὺς
autous
them
PRO.P 3P ACC M PL
ἡμῖν
emin
us
PRO.P 1P DAT PL
καὶ
kai
and
ADV
ὅλον
olon
whole
QUAN ACC N SG
τὸ
to-2
the
ART ACC N SG
σῶμα
soma
body
N ACC N SG
αὐτῶν
auton
their
PRO.P 3P GEN M PL
μετάγομεν
metagomen
we direct
V PRS ACT IND 1P PL
Behold also the ships so great being and by winds fierce driven are turned by very small rudder wherever the impulse the pilot's desires
4
ἰδοὺ
idou
Behold
INTJ
καὶ
kai
also
ADV
τὰ
ta
the
ART NOM N PL
πλοῖα
ploia
ships
N NOM N PL
τηλικαῦτα
telikauta
so great
DET NOM N PL
ὄντα
onta
being
V PRS ACT PTCP NOM N PL
καὶ
kai-2
and
CONJ
ὑπὸ
upo
by
PREP GEN
ἀνέμων
anemon
winds
N GEN M PL
σκληρῶν
skleron
fierce
ADJ.A GEN M PL
ἐλαυνόμενα
elaunomena
driven
V PRS PASS PTCP NOM N PL
μετάγεται
metagetai
are turned
V PRS PASS IND 3P SG
ὑπὸ
upo-2
by
PREP GEN
ἐλαχίστου
elachistou
very small
ADJ.A GEN N SG SUPL
πηδαλίου
pedaliou
rudder
N GEN N SG
ὅπου
opou
wherever
CONJ.S
ἡ
e
the
ART NOM F SG
ὁρμὴ
orme
impulse
N NOM F SG
τοῦ
tou
the
PRO.D GEN M SG
εὐθύνοντος
euthunontos
pilot's
V PRS ACT PTCP GEN M SG
βούλεται
bouletai
desires
V PRS MID IND 3P SG
even so also the tongue little member is and great things boasts behold how great fire a forest a forest kindles
5
οὕτως
outos
even so
ADV
καὶ
kai
also
ADV
ἡ
e
the
ART NOM F SG
γλῶσσα
glossa
tongue
N NOM F SG
μικρὸν
mikron
little
ADJ.A NOM N SG
μέλος
melos
member
N NOM N SG
ἐστὶν
estin
is
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
καὶ
kai-2
and
CONJ
μεγάλα
megala
great things
ADJ.S ACC N PL
αὐχεῖ
auchei
boasts
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
ἰδοὺ
idou
behold
INTJ
ἡλίκον
elikon
how great
DET NOM N SG
πῦρ
pur
fire
N NOM N SG
ἡλίκην
eliken
a forest
DET ACC F SG
ὕλην
ulen
a forest
N ACC F SG
ἀνάπτει
anaptei
kindles
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
And the tongue is a fire a world of iniquity the tongue is set among our members our that defiles the whole the body and sets on fire the course of of nature and is set on fire by the hell
6
καὶ
kai
And
CONJ
ἡ
e
the
ART NOM F SG
γλῶσσα
glossa
tongue
N NOM F SG
πῦρ
pur
is a fire
N NOM N SG
ὁ
o
a
ART NOM M SG
κόσμος
kosmos
world
N NOM M SG
τῆς
tes
of
ART GEN F SG
ἀδικίας
adikias
iniquity
N GEN F SG
ἡ
e-2
the
ART NOM F SG
γλῶσσα
glossa-2
tongue
N NOM F SG
καθίσταται
kathistatai
is set
V PRS PASS IND 3P SG
ἐν
en
among
PREP DAT
τοῖς
tois
our
ART DAT N PL
μέλεσιν
melesin
members
N DAT N PL
ἡμῶν
emon
our
PRO.P 1P GEN PL
ἡ
e-3
that
PRO.D NOM F SG
σπιλοῦσα
spilousa
defiles
V PRS ACT PTCP NOM F SG
ὅλον
olon
the whole
QUAN ACC N SG
τὸ
to
the
ART ACC N SG
σῶμα
soma
body
N ACC N SG
καὶ
kai-2
and
CONJ
φλογίζουσα
phlogizousa
sets on fire
V PRS ACT PTCP NOM F SG
τὸν
ton
the
ART ACC M SG
τροχὸν
trochon
course
N ACC M SG
τῆς
tes-2
of
ART GEN F SG
γενέσεως
geneseos
of nature
N GEN F SG
καὶ
kai-3
and
CONJ
φλογιζομένη
phlogizomene
is set on fire
V PRS PASS PTCP NOM F SG
ὑπὸ
upo
by
PREP GEN
τῆς
tes-3
the
ART GEN F SG
Γεέννης
geennes
hell
N GEN F SG
every for kind of beasts and and of birds of reptiles and and of sea creatures is tamed and has been tamed by the nature the human
7
πᾶσα
pasa
every
QUAN NOM F SG
γὰρ
gar
for
CONJ
φύσις
phusis
kind
N NOM F SG
θηρίων
therion
of beasts
N GEN N PL
τε
te
and
PART
καὶ
kai
and
CONJ.C
πετεινῶν
peteinon
of birds
N GEN N PL
ἑρπετῶν
erpeton
of reptiles
N GEN N PL
τε
te-2
and
PART
καὶ
kai-2
and
CONJ.C
ἐναλίων
enalion
of sea creatures
ADJ.S GEN N PL
δαμάζεται
damazetai
is tamed
V PRS PASS IND 3P SG
καὶ
kai-3
and
CONJ
δεδάμασται
dedamastai
has been tamed
V PRF PASS IND 3P SG
τῇ
te-3
by the
ART DAT F SG
φύσει
phusei
nature
N DAT F SG
τῇ
te-4
the
ART DAT F SG
ἀνθρωπίνῃ
anthropine
human
ADJ.R DAT F SG
the but tongue no one to tame can of men restless evil full of poison deadly
8
τὴν
ten
the
ART ACC F SG
δὲ
de
but
CONJ
γλῶσσαν
glossan
tongue
N ACC F SG
οὐδεὶς
oudeis
no one
PRO.I NOM M SG
δαμάσαι
damasai
to tame
V AOR ACT INF
δύναται
dunatai
can
V PRS MID IND 3P SG
ἀνθρώπων
anthropon
of men
N GEN M PL
ἀκατάστατον
akatastaton
restless
ADJ.A NOM N SG
κακόν
kakon
evil
ADJ.S NOM N SG
μεστὴ
meste
full
ADJ.S NOM F SG
ἰοῦ
iou
of poison
N GEN M SG
θανατηφόρου
thanatephorou
deadly
ADJ.A GEN M SG
With it we bless our Lord and Father and with it we curse men men who in likeness of God have been made
9
ἐν
en
With
PREP DAT
αὐτῇ
aute
it
PRO.P 3P DAT F SG
εὐλογοῦμεν
eulogoumen
we bless
V PRS ACT IND 1P PL
τὸν
ton
our
DET.P ACC M SG
Κύριον
kurion
Lord
N ACC M SG
καὶ
kai
and
CONJ
Πατέρα
patera
Father
N ACC M SG
καὶ
kai-2
and
CONJ
ἐν
en-2
with
PREP DAT
αὐτῇ
aute-2
it
PRO.P 3P DAT F SG
καταρώμεθα
katarometha
we curse
V PRS MID IND 1P PL
τοὺς
tous
men
ART ACC M PL
ἀνθρώπους
anthropous
men
N ACC M PL
τοὺς
tous-2
who
PRO.D ACC M PL
καθ’
kath
in
PREP ACC
ὁμοίωσιν
omoiosin
likeness
N ACC F SG
Θεοῦ
theou
of God
N GEN M SG
γεγονότας
gegonotas
have been made
V PRF ACT PTCP ACC M PL
from the same mouth come blessing and cursing not ought brethren my these things so to be
10
ἐκ
ek
from
PREP GEN
τοῦ
tou
the
ART GEN N SG
αὐτοῦ
autou
same
DET GEN N SG
στόματος
stomatos
mouth
N GEN N SG
ἐξέρχεται
exerchetai
come
V PRS MID IND 3P SG
εὐλογία
eulogia
blessing
N NOM F SG
καὶ
kai
and
CONJ
κατάρα
katara
cursing
N NOM F SG
οὐ
ou
not
ADV
χρή
chre
ought
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
ἀδελφοί
adelphoi
brethren
N VOC M PL
μου
mou
my
PRO.P 1P GEN SG
ταῦτα
tauta
these things
PRO.D NOM N PL
οὕτως
outos
so
ADV
γίνεσθαι
ginesthai
to be
V PRS MID INF
Does...? a fountain from the same opening send forth the sweet and the bitter
11
μήτι
meti
Does...?
T
ἡ
e
a
ART NOM F SG
πηγὴ
pege
fountain
N NOM F SG
ἐκ
ek
from
PREP GEN
τῆς
tes
the
ART GEN F SG
αὐτῆς
autes
same
DET GEN F SG
ὀπῆς
opes
opening
N GEN F SG
βρύει
bruei
send forth
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
τὸ
to
the
ART ACC N SG
γλυκὺ
gluku
sweet
ADJ.S ACC N SG
καὶ
kai
and
CONJ
τὸ
to-2
the
ART ACC N SG
πικρόν
pikron
bitter
ADJ.S ACC N SG
not able brothers my fig tree olives produce or vine figs neither salt fresh produce water
12
μὴ
me
not
PART
δύναται
dunatai
able
V PRS MID IND 3P SG
ἀδελφοί
adelphoi
brothers
N VOC M PL
μου
mou
my
PRO.P 1P GEN SG
συκῆ
suke
fig tree
N NOM F SG
ἐλαίας
elaias
olives
N ACC F PL
ποιῆσαι
poiesai
produce
V AOR ACT INF
ἢ
e
or
CONJ.C
ἄμπελος
ampelos
vine
N NOM F SG
σῦκα
suka
figs
N ACC N PL
οὔτε
oute
neither
CONJ.C
ἁλυκὸν
alukon
salt
ADJ.S NOM N SG
γλυκὺ
gluku
fresh
ADJ.S ACC N SG
ποιῆσαι
poiesai-2
produce
V AOR ACT INF
ὕδωρ
udor
water
N ACC N SG
Who is wise and understanding among you let him show by the good conduct his works his in gentleness of wisdom
13
τίς
tis
Who
PRO.Q NOM M SG
σοφὸς
sophos
is wise
ADJ.S NOM M SG
καὶ
kai
and
CONJ
ἐπιστήμων
epistemon
understanding
ADJ.S NOM M SG
ἐν
en
among
PREP DAT
ὑμῖν
umin
you
PRO.P 2P DAT PL
δειξάτω
deixato
let him show
V AOR ACT IMP 3P SG
ἐκ
ek
by
PREP GEN
τῆς
tes
the
DET.P GEN F SG
καλῆς
kales
good
ADJ.A GEN F SG
ἀναστροφῆς
anastrophes
conduct
N GEN F SG
τὰ
ta
his
ART ACC N PL
ἔργα
erga
works
N ACC N PL
αὐτοῦ
autou
his
PRO.P 3P GEN M SG
ἐν
en-2
in
PREP DAT
πραΰτητι
prauteti
gentleness
N DAT F SG
σοφίας
sophias
of wisdom
N GEN F SG
if but jealousy bitter you have and selfish ambition in the heart your not boast and lie against the truth
14
εἰ
ei
if
CONJ.S
δὲ
de
but
CONJ
ζῆλον
zelon
jealousy
N ACC M SG
πικρὸν
pikron
bitter
ADJ.A ACC M SG
ἔχετε
echete
you have
V PRS ACT IND 2P PL
καὶ
kai
and
CONJ
ἐριθείαν
eritheian
selfish ambition
N ACC F SG
ἐν
en
in
PREP DAT
τῇ
te
the
ART DAT F SG
καρδίᾳ
kardia
heart
N DAT F SG
ὑμῶν
umon
your
PRO.P 2P GEN PL
μὴ
me
not
ADV
κατακαυχᾶσθε
katakauchasthe
boast
V PRS MID IMP 2P PL
καὶ
kai-2
and
CONJ
ψεύδεσθε
pseudesthe
lie
V PRS MID IMP 2P PL
κατὰ
kata
against
PREP GEN
τῆς
tes
the
ART GEN F SG
ἀληθείας
aletheias
truth
N GEN F SG
not is this the wisdom from above coming down but earthly sensual devilish
15
οὐκ
ouk
not
PART
ἔστιν
estin
is
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
αὕτη
aute
this
DET NOM F SG
ἡ
e
the
ART NOM F SG
σοφία
sophia
wisdom
N NOM F SG
ἄνωθεν
anothen
from above
ADV
κατερχομένη
katerchomene
coming down
V PRS MID PTCP NOM F SG
ἀλλὰ
alla
but
CONJ.C
ἐπίγειος
epigeios
earthly
ADJ.S NOM F SG
ψυχική
psuchike
sensual
ADJ.S NOM F SG
δαιμονιώδης
daimoniodes
devilish
ADJ.S NOM F SG
where for jealousy and selfish ambition there disorder and every evil thing
16
ὅπου
opou
where
CONJ.S
γὰρ
gar
for
CONJ
ζῆλος
zelos
jealousy
N NOM M SG
καὶ
kai
and
CONJ
ἐριθεία
eritheia
selfish ambition
N NOM F SG
ἐκεῖ
ekei
there
ADV
ἀκαταστασία
akatastasia
disorder
N NOM F SG
καὶ
kai-2
and
CONJ
πᾶν
pan
every
QUAN NOM N SG
φαῦλον
phaulon
evil
ADJ.A NOM N SG
πρᾶγμα
pragma
thing
N NOM N SG
the but from above wisdom first indeed pure is then peaceable gentle reasonable full of mercy and of fruits good unwavering sincere
17
ἡ
e
the
ART NOM F SG
δὲ
de
but
CONJ
ἄνωθεν
anothen
from above
ADV
σοφία
sophia
wisdom
N NOM F SG
πρῶτον
proton
first
ADV SUPL
μὲν
men
indeed
ADV
ἁγνή
agne
pure
ADJ.P NOM F SG
ἐστιν
estin
is
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
ἔπειτα
epeita
then
ADV
εἰρηνική
eirenike
peaceable
ADJ.S NOM F SG
ἐπιεικής
epieikes
gentle
ADJ.S NOM F SG
εὐπειθής
eupeithes
reasonable
ADJ.S NOM F SG
μεστὴ
meste
full
ADJ.S NOM F SG
ἐλέους
eleous
of mercy
N GEN N SG
καὶ
kai
and
CONJ
καρπῶν
karpon
of fruits
N GEN M PL
ἀγαθῶν
agathon
good
ADJ.A GEN M PL
ἀδιάκριτος
adiakritos
unwavering
ADJ.S NOM F SG
ἀνυπόκριτος
anupokritos
sincere
ADJ.S NOM F SG
fruit and of righteousness in peace is sown by the who make peace
18
καρπὸς
karpos
fruit
N NOM M SG
δὲ
de
and
CONJ
δικαιοσύνης
dikaiosunes
of righteousness
N GEN F SG
ἐν
en
in
PREP DAT
εἰρήνῃ
eirene
peace
N DAT F SG
σπείρεται
speiretai
is sown
V PRS PASS IND 3P SG
τοῖς
tois
by the
PRO.D DAT M PL
ποιοῦσιν
poiousin
who make
V PRS ACT PTCP DAT M PL
εἰρήνην
eirenen
peace
N ACC F SG