Romans 4
Paul uses Abraham as a key Old Testament example to demonstrate that justification comes through faith rather than works of the law[2][5]. Abraham's faith was credited to him as righteousness, establishing the pattern that God's grace and faith in Jesus Christ, not obedience to the Torah, is the means by which all people—both Jews and Gentiles—are justified[3][5].
Interlinear Text
Verse 3
τί
ti
PRO.Q ACC N SG
γὰρ
gar
CONJ
ἡ
e
ART NOM F SG
Γραφὴ
graphe
N NOM F SG
λέγει
legei
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
ἐπίστευσεν
episteusen
V AOR ACT IND 3P SG
δὲ
de
CONJ
Ἀβραὰμ
abraam
N NOM M SG
τῷ
to
ART DAT M SG
Θεῷ
theo
N DAT M SG
καὶ
kai
CONJ
ἐλογίσθη
elogisthe
V AOR PASS IND 3P SG
αὐτῷ
auto
PRO.P 3P DAT M SG
εἰς
eis
PREP ACC
δικαιοσύνην
dikaiosunen
N ACC F SG
Verse 5
τῷ
to
PRO.D DAT M SG
δὲ
de
CONJ
μὴ
me
PART
ἐργαζομένῳ
ergazomeno
V PRS MID PTCP DAT M SG
πιστεύοντι
pisteuonti
V PRS ACT PTCP DAT M SG
δὲ
de-2
CONJ.C
ἐπὶ
epi
PREP ACC
τὸν
ton
PRO.D ACC M SG
δικαιοῦντα
dikaiounta
V PRS ACT PTCP ACC M SG
τὸν
ton-2
ART ACC M SG
ἀσεβῆ
asebe
ADJ.S ACC M SG
λογίζεται
logizetai
V PRS PASS IND 3P SG
ἡ
e
ART NOM F SG
πίστις
pistis
N NOM F SG
αὐτοῦ
autou
PRO.P 3P GEN M SG
εἰς
eis
PREP ACC
δικαιοσύνην
dikaiosunen
N ACC F SG
Verse 6
καθάπερ
kathaper
ADV
καὶ
kai
ADV
Δαυεὶδ
daueid
N NOM M SG
λέγει
legei
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
τὸν
ton
ART ACC M SG
μακαρισμὸν
makarismon
N ACC M SG
τοῦ
tou
ART GEN M SG
ἀνθρώπου
anthropou
N GEN M SG
ᾧ
o
PRO.R DAT M SG
ὁ
o-2
ART NOM M SG
Θεὸς
theos
N NOM M SG
λογίζεται
logizetai
V PRS MID IND 3P SG
δικαιοσύνην
dikaiosunen
N ACC F SG
χωρὶς
choris
PREP GEN
ἔργων
ergon
N GEN N PL
Verse 9
ὁ
o
ART NOM M SG
μακαρισμὸς
makarismos
N NOM M SG
οὖν
oun
CONJ
οὗτος
outos
DET NOM M SG
ἐπὶ
epi
PREP ACC
τὴν
ten
ART ACC F SG
περιτομὴν
peritomen
N ACC F SG
ἢ
e
CONJ
καὶ
kai
ADV
ἐπὶ
epi-2
PREP ACC
τὴν
ten-2
ART ACC F SG
ἀκροβυστίαν
akrobustian
N ACC F SG
λέγομεν
legomen
V PRS ACT IND 1P PL
γάρ
gar
CONJ
ἐλογίσθη
elogisthe
V AOR PASS IND 3P SG
τῷ
to
ART DAT M SG
Ἀβραὰμ
abraam
N DAT M SG
ἡ
e-2
ART NOM F SG
πίστις
pistis
N NOM F SG
εἰς
eis
PREP ACC
δικαιοσύνην
dikaiosunen
N ACC F SG
Verse 10
πῶς
pos
ADV
οὖν
oun
CONJ
ἐλογίσθη
elogisthe
V AOR PASS IND 3P SG
ἐν
en
PREP DAT
περιτομῇ
peritome
N DAT F SG
ὄντι
onti
V PRS ACT PTCP DAT M SG
ἢ
e
CONJ
ἐν
en-2
PREP DAT
ἀκροβυστίᾳ
akrobustia
N DAT F SG
οὐκ
ouk
PART
ἐν
en-3
PREP DAT
περιτομῇ
peritome-2
N DAT F SG
ἀλλ’
all
CONJ.C
ἐν
en-4
PREP DAT
ἀκροβυστίᾳ
akrobustia-2
N DAT F SG
Verse 11
καὶ
kai
CONJ
σημεῖον
semeion
N ACC N SG
ἔλαβεν
elaben
V AOR ACT IND 3P SG
περιτομῆς
peritomes
N GEN F SG
σφραγῖδα
sphragida
N ACC F SG
τῆς
tes
ART GEN F SG
δικαιοσύνης
dikaiosunes
N GEN F SG
τῆς
tes-2
ART GEN F SG
πίστεως
pisteos
N GEN F SG
τῆς
tes-3
PRO.D GEN F SG
ἐν
en
PREP DAT
τῇ
te
ART DAT F SG
ἀκροβυστίᾳ
akrobustia
N DAT F SG
εἰς
eis
PREP ACC
τὸ
to
PRO.D ACC N SG
εἶναι
einai
V PRS ACT INF
αὐτὸν
auton
PRO.P 3P ACC M SG
πατέρα
patera
N ACC M SG
πάντων
panton
PRO.I GEN M PL
τῶν
ton
PRO.D GEN M PL
πιστευόντων
pisteuonton
V PRS ACT PTCP GEN M PL
δι’
di
PREP GEN
ἀκροβυστίας
akrobustias
N GEN F SG
εἰς
eis-2
PREP ACC
τὸ
to-2
PRO.D ACC N SG
λογισθῆναι
logisthenai
V AOR PASS INF
αὐτοῖς
autois
PRO.P 3P DAT M PL
τὴν
ten
ART ACC F SG
δικαιοσύνην
dikaiosunen
N ACC F SG
Verse 12
καὶ
kai
CONJ
πατέρα
patera
N ACC M SG
περιτομῆς
peritomes
N GEN F SG
τοῖς
tois
PRO.D DAT M PL
οὐκ
ouk
ADV
ἐκ
ek
PREP GEN
περιτομῆς
peritomes-2
N GEN F SG
μόνον
monon
ADV
ἀλλὰ
alla
CONJ
καὶ
kai-2
ADV
τοῖς
tois-2
PRO.D DAT M PL
στοιχοῦσιν
stoichousin
V PRS ACT PTCP DAT M PL
τοῖς
tois-3
ART DAT N PL
ἴχνεσιν
ichnesin
N DAT N PL
τῆς
tes
ART GEN F SG
ἐν
en
PREP DAT
ἀκροβυστίᾳ
akrobustia
N DAT F SG
πίστεως
pisteos
N GEN F SG
τοῦ
tou
ART GEN M SG
πατρὸς
patros
N GEN M SG
ἡμῶν
emon
PRO.P 1P GEN PL
Ἀβραάμ
abraam
N GEN M SG
Verse 13
οὐ
ou
PART
γὰρ
gar
CONJ
διὰ
dia
PREP GEN
νόμου
nomou
N GEN M SG
ἡ
e
ART NOM F SG
ἐπαγγελία
epaggelia
N NOM F SG
τῷ
to
ART DAT M SG
Ἀβραὰμ
abraam
N DAT M SG
ἢ
e-2
CONJ
τῷ
to-2
ART DAT N SG
σπέρματι
spermati
N DAT N SG
αὐτοῦ
autou
PRO.P 3P GEN M SG
τὸ
to-3
PRO.D NOM N SG
κληρονόμον
kleronomon
N ACC M SG
αὐτὸν
auton
PRO.P 3P ACC M SG
εἶναι
einai
V PRS ACT INF
κόσμου
kosmou
N GEN M SG
ἀλλὰ
alla
CONJ.C
διὰ
dia-2
PREP GEN
δικαιοσύνης
dikaiosunes
N GEN F SG
πίστεως
pisteos
N GEN F SG
Verse 14
εἰ
ei
CONJ.S
γὰρ
gar
CONJ
οἱ
oi
PRO.D NOM M PL
ἐκ
ek
PREP GEN
νόμου
nomou
N GEN M SG
κληρονόμοι
kleronomoi
N NOM M PL
κεκένωται
kekenotai
V PRF PASS IND 3P SG
ἡ
e
ART NOM F SG
πίστις
pistis
N NOM F SG
καὶ
kai
CONJ
κατήργηται
katergetai
V PRF PASS IND 3P SG
ἡ
e-2
ART NOM F SG
ἐπαγγελία
epaggelia
N NOM F SG
Verse 16
διὰ
dia
PREP ACC
τοῦτο
touto
PRO.D ACC N SG
ἐκ
ek
PREP GEN
πίστεως
pisteos
N GEN F SG
ἵνα
ina
CONJ.S
κατὰ
kata
PREP ACC
χάριν
charin
N ACC F SG
εἰς
eis
PREP ACC
τὸ
to
PRO.D ACC N SG
εἶναι
einai
V PRS ACT INF
βεβαίαν
bebaian
ADJ.P ACC F SG
τὴν
ten
ART ACC F SG
ἐπαγγελίαν
epaggelian
N ACC F SG
παντὶ
panti
QUAN DAT N SG
τῷ
to-2
ART DAT N SG
σπέρματι
spermati
N DAT N SG
οὐ
ou
PART
τῷ
to-3
PRO.D DAT N SG
ἐκ
ek-2
PREP GEN
τοῦ
tou
ART GEN M SG
νόμου
nomou
N GEN M SG
μόνον
monon
ADV
ἀλλὰ
alla
CONJ.C
καὶ
kai
ADV
τῷ
to-4
PRO.D DAT N SG
ἐκ
ek-3
PREP GEN
πίστεως
pisteos-2
N GEN F SG
Ἀβραάμ
abraam
N GEN M SG
ὅς
os
PRO.R NOM M SG
ἐστιν
estin
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
πατὴρ
pater
N NOM M SG
πάντων
panton
PRO.I GEN M PL
ἡμῶν
emon
PRO.P 1P GEN PL
Verse 17
καθὼς
kathos
ADV
γέγραπται
gegraptai
V PRF PASS IND 3P SG
ὅτι
oti
CONJ.S
πατέρα
patera
N ACC M SG
πολλῶν
pollon
QUAN GEN N PL
ἐθνῶν
ethnon
N GEN N PL
τέθεικά
tetheika
V PRF ACT IND 1P SG
σε
se
PRO.P 2P ACC SG
κατέναντι
katenanti
PREP GEN
οὗ
ou
PRO.R GEN M SG
ἐπίστευσεν
episteusen
V AOR ACT IND 3P SG
Θεοῦ
theou
N GEN M SG
τοῦ
tou
PRO.D GEN M SG
ζῳοποιοῦντος
zoopoiountos
V PRS ACT PTCP GEN M SG
τοὺς
tous
ART ACC M PL
νεκροὺς
nekrous
ADJ.S ACC M PL
καὶ
kai
CONJ
καλοῦντος
kalountos
V PRS ACT PTCP GEN M SG
τὰ
ta
PRO.D ACC N PL
μὴ
me
ADV
ὄντα
onta
V PRS ACT PTCP ACC N PL
ὡς
os
CONJ.S
ὄντα
onta-2
V PRS ACT PTCP ACC N PL
Verse 18
ὃς
os
PRO.R NOM M SG
παρ’
par
PREP ACC
ἐλπίδα
elpida
N ACC F SG
ἐπ’
ep
PREP DAT
ἐλπίδι
elpidi
N DAT F SG
ἐπίστευσεν
episteusen
V AOR ACT IND 3P SG
εἰς
eis
PREP ACC
τὸ
to
PRO.D ACC N SG
γενέσθαι
genesthai
V AOR MID INF
αὐτὸν
auton
PRO.P 3P ACC M SG
πατέρα
patera
N ACC M SG
πολλῶν
pollon
QUAN GEN N PL
ἐθνῶν
ethnon
N GEN N PL
κατὰ
kata
PREP ACC
τὸ
to-2
PRO.D ACC N SG
εἰρημένον
eiremenon
V PRF PASS PTCP ACC N SG
οὕτως
outos
ADV
ἔσται
estai
V FUT MID IND 3P SG
τὸ
to-3
ART NOM N SG
σπέρμα
sperma
N NOM N SG
σου
sou
PRO.P 2P GEN SG
Verse 19
καὶ
kai
CONJ
μὴ
me
ADV
ἀσθενήσας
asthenesas
V AOR ACT PTCP NOM M SG
τῇ
te
ART DAT F SG
πίστει
pistei
N DAT F SG
κατενόησεν
katenoesen
V AOR ACT IND 3P SG
τὸ
to
ART ACC N SG
ἑαυτοῦ
eautou
PRO.X 3P GEN M SG
σῶμα
soma
N ACC N SG
ἤδη
ede
ADV
νενεκρωμένον
nenekromenon
V PRF PASS PTCP ACC N SG
ἑκατονταετής
ekatontaetes
ADJ.P NOM M SG
που
pou
ADV
ὑπάρχων
uparchon
V PRS ACT PTCP NOM M SG
καὶ
kai-2
CONJ
τὴν
ten
ART ACC F SG
νέκρωσιν
nekrosin
N ACC F SG
τῆς
tes
ART GEN F SG
μήτρας
metras
N GEN F SG
Σάρρας
sarras
N GEN F SG
Verse 20
εἰς
eis
PREP ACC
δὲ
de
CONJ
τὴν
ten
ART ACC F SG
ἐπαγγελίαν
epaggelian
N ACC F SG
τοῦ
tou
ART GEN M SG
Θεοῦ
theou
N GEN M SG
οὐ
ou
ADV
διεκρίθη
diekrithe
V AOR PASS IND 3P SG
τῇ
te
ART DAT F SG
ἀπιστίᾳ
apistia
N DAT F SG
ἀλλ’
all
CONJ
ἐνεδυναμώθη
enedunamothe
V AOR PASS IND 3P SG
τῇ
te-2
ART DAT F SG
πίστει
pistei
N DAT F SG
δοὺς
dous
V AOR ACT PTCP NOM M SG
δόξαν
doxan
N ACC F SG
τῷ
to
ART DAT M SG
Θεῷ
theo
N DAT M SG
Verse 24
ἀλλὰ
alla
CONJ.C
καὶ
kai
ADV
δι’
di
PREP ACC
ἡμᾶς
emas
PRO.P 1P ACC PL
οἷς
ois
PRO.R DAT M PL
μέλλει
mellei
V PRS ACT IND 3P SG
λογίζεσθαι
logizesthai
V PRS PASS INF
τοῖς
tois
PRO.D DAT M PL
πιστεύουσιν
pisteuousin
V PRS ACT PTCP DAT M PL
ἐπὶ
epi
PREP ACC
τὸν
ton
PRO.D ACC M SG
ἐγείραντα
egeiranta
V AOR ACT PTCP ACC M SG
Ἰησοῦν
iesoun
N ACC M SG
τὸν
ton-2
ART ACC M SG
Κύριον
kurion
N ACC M SG
ἡμῶν
emon
PRO.P 1P GEN PL
ἐκ
ek
PREP GEN
νεκρῶν
nekron
ADJ.S GEN M PL
Verse 25
ὃς
os
PRO.R NOM M SG
παρεδόθη
paredothe
V AOR PASS IND 3P SG
διὰ
dia
PREP ACC
τὰ
ta
ART ACC N PL
παραπτώματα
paraptomata
N ACC N PL
ἡμῶν
emon
PRO.P 1P GEN PL
καὶ
kai
CONJ
ἠγέρθη
egerthe
V AOR PASS IND 3P SG
διὰ
dia-2
PREP ACC
τὴν
ten
ART ACC F SG
δικαίωσιν
dikaiosin
N ACC F SG
ἡμῶν
emon-2
PRO.P 1P GEN PL